Dj Scharton Essays (820 words) - Gospel Of Luke, The Nightmare Man

Dj Scharton The Falcon This book is written in the perspective of a teenagers life. The writers name is Luke Carver and he is seventeen years old. Luke starts the story off by writing ?Man, is this lame or what? A seventeen year old guy writing a journal.? (pg3) Luke then starts explaining how he was supposed to be writing in his journal over Christmas vacation but he procrastinated as usual. It's now the day before school starts and he only has half a page written. Luke starts writing about his girlfriend Megan and how beautiful she is. Then he goes into explaining how the tri-meet is coming up this Saturday. It takes Luke awhile to get used to the idea of writing a journal but when he does it starts getting interesting. Luke tells about one time that he and his friend Hutch went to top-o-the-world(this is like a lookout spot where you can see for miles). When they got up there Hutch says, ?It'd be pretty cool to climb down there huh (pg. 49) Luke then said, ?Wanna do it (pg. 50) Hutch then mentioned that Luke's mom kind of made him promise to look out for him. After Luke heard that he got angry and their was no talking him out of climbing down. When they were both done climbing down hutch walked the path to the top and Luke climbed the way he got down. One night Hutch spent the night at Luke's and they were sitting watching television and talking. As they were talking Luke asked Hutch if he wanted to visit Lenny, party, and find some girls. They got to Lenny's but he said he couldn't go to the party because he had a ten-page paper that was due the next day. So they left and went to the party. After awhile of standing around someone yelled out, ?Hey, I haven't seen you around before.? This person introduced herself as Sherry Keeler and introduced her friend Kate Samuels to Hutch. The only one not drinking was Luke because he had to drive home. Luke and Sherry went back to her room to go have sex and when they got there Luke started thinking twice and said, ?Thanks anyway, but I can't do this,? (pg. 77) and he ran out to go find Hutch. He found Hutch and told him that it was time to leave. On the drive home Hutch was so drunk that he puked all over Luke's dad's car and passed out. Luke was home one day and decided to take a walk with his dog Daisy. Before he knew it he had walked to what was now his ex-girlfriend Megan's house, which was three miles away from his house. When he looked closer at her house he noticed that Megan was outside on her horse and one of his friends, Tony was also on a horse right next to her. At about this time Daisy jumped away from Luke and went to Megan. When Daisy got there Megan saw here and said, ?I wonder where Luke is, because it's not like Daisy to run off unless Luke is coming this way. Come on Daisy, Let's go find Luke.?(pg. 116) After they had walked far enough away from Luke he decided to climb up the mountain instead of taking the trail. When he was about half way up he was trying to hold on when a chunk of ice fell from somewhere above and pierced into his right eye. When this happened he thought ?NO! Not again!? Megan and Tony found him finally and brought him up by tying a rope to him and pulling him up with the horses. The falcon was the first book that I've that was written in a journal-form. I don't necessarily know if this was the best way to tell the story, but it works. I would have rather read it in a third-person form. The authors intent to tell what happened to Luke when he was younger could have been told at the beginning of the story instead of the end. I didn't like it that Luke would give clues of something happening when he was younger and then cross it off right before he got to the part I wanted to know. But I look at it this way, If it wasn't for this I probably wouldn't have finished the book. It made me want to know

Corneal Transplantation Essays

Corneal Transplantation Essays Corneal Transplantation Paper Corneal Transplantation Paper Corneal Transplantation Abstract This paper seeks to provide a brief overview of Corneal Transplantation inclusive of presentation, causation, treatment, recovery, complications, advances, etc.   In doing this, we will   define the cornea, its function, some diseases and disorders affecting the cornea, what corneal transplantation is used for, and type of problems that can develop from a corneal transplant.   Then we will discuss the follow-up and risks/complications of this type of surgery. Finally we will discuss when to call a professional after corneal transplantation; in conclusion we will look at the advances. There will be at least three types of sources used during the course of this discussion. Most of these sources will be essays and articles written by medical specialists and researchers. Introduction Corneal transplantation also referred to as corneal grafting or penetrating keratoplasty is a surgical procedure where a damaged or diseased cornea is replaced by donated corneal tissue which has been removed from a recently deceased individual having no known diseases which might affect the viability of the donated tissue. The cornea is the eyes outermost layer. It is the clear, dome-shaped surface that covers the front of the eye. The surgical procedure is performed by ophthalmologists, these are medical doctors who specialize in eyes, and are often done on an outpatient basis, meaning that the patient goes home following surgery. The need for Corneal Transplantation/Causation Corneal transplants are used to treat persistent corneal infections, diseases that cloud the cornea (corneal dystrophies), traumatic corneal injuries and corneal scars that cannot be corrected by other therapies. Some examples include: Bullous keratopathy, this is a progressive swelling and blistering of the cornea; Keratoconus, an eye disorder in which the middle of the cornea thins and eventually bulges outward; severe corneal ulcers caused by bacterial, fungal, parasitic or viral eye infections; severe traumatic injuries that pierce or cut the cornea; chemical burns of the eye; Corneal scars; Fuchs’s endothelial dystrophy, a progressive eye disease that causes swelling, cloudiness and blistering of the cornea; failure or rejection of a previous corneal transplant. Preparation for the Procedure It should be noted that in the event that the patient has any uncontrolled eye problems that might threaten the success of the surgery, the doctor will first treat them before surgery. There will also be a need for a basic medical evaluation to confirm that the patient is healthy enough to have the transplant procedure. The patient will be given instructions about when to stop eating and drinking before surgery. An antibiotic eye drops to be used before the surgery may be prescribed by the doctor. Also as part of the preparation for surgery, the doctor will need to know about any medications the patient is taking, including over-the-counter medications and natural or herbal remedies. The patient might have to discontinue or decrease certain drugs before surgery. This is because some medicines can increase the risk of bleeding or other surgical complications.   The local eye bank is expected to process and evaluate the donor cornea; this is done to confirm that the donor cornea is free of dangerous viral infections, such as human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis. The donor cornea also must be transparent and structurally sound. The Corneal Transplantation Procedure The surgeon will make every attempt to confirm retinal and optic nerve function prior to surgery, so as to avoid cases in which visual improvement is unlikely. The majority of adult patients may be operated on under local anesthesia. General anesthesia will likely be required for children, anxious, or uncooperative patients. After the anesthetic is given, the surgeon usually sews a ring to the ocular surface to support the eye. The donor cornea is prepared using a punch or corneal trephine to create the corneal â€Å"button.† The corneal button will become the transplanted cornea. The diseased, or scarred, cornea is then removed using a corneal trephine, creating a â€Å"bed† for the transplant cornea. Finally, the donor cornea is gently sewn into place with ultra-fine sutures which is approximately one-third the thickness of human hair, or less. Corneal transplantation may be combined with other procedures, particularly cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Follow-Up/Recovery After the transplant surgery, the patient must be careful not to touch or press the eye. However, any discomfort can be relieved with over-the-counter pain pills. Usually, the first follow-up visit will be scheduled for the day after surgery, during which the doctor will remove the eye patch and check the new cornea. Special steroid eye drops to help prevent the body from rejecting the transplanted tissue will be prescribed by the doctor. At the end of this visit, the doctor will either leave the eye patch off or ask that the patient wear it a little while longer. The eye patch will remain in place for one to four days after surgery.   The surgeon will likely begin to remove some sutures from the cornea within a few weeks to a few months after surgery. However, all of the sutures need not be removed. In general, sutures are removed to help alleviate astigmatism once the cornea begins to show signs of being securely healed into place. Risks/Complications The most common complication of corneal transplantation is rejection of the new cornea. This is called graft rejection where the bodys immune system identifies the donor cornea as a foreign tissue and begins to attack it. In most cases, it can be treated successfully with medication. Although most corneal transplants are successful, the risks of the transplant procedure include bleeding, infection, broken sutures and anesthetic side effects from anesthesia. In addition, since transplantation opens the front of the eye, there is some danger that eye fluid may start to leak out of the eye after surgery. There is also a risk that fluid pressure inside the eye will become abnormally high or low, or that the retina may detach that is, separate from the back of the eye. All of these problems are rare. Overall, more than 90% of corneal transplants are successful. Most people find that their vision improves significantly following a corneal transplant, although many people have a degree of a stigmatism, an uneven contour of the cornea that can cause some vision problems such as blurriness. After a transplant, vision improves gradually over a period of months. When to call a Professional It is advisable to that a doctor should be called immediately if the patient develops any of the following symptoms after a corneal transplant: pain or increased discomfort in the eye that received the transplant, increased redness of the eye, unusual sensitivity to light, decreased vision and flashing lights or floaters (semitransparent floating shapes) in your field of vision. Conclusion It is note worthy that the chances of success of this operation have risen dramatically because of technological advances, such as less irritating sutures, or threads, which are often finer than a human hair; and the surgical microscope. Corneal transplantation has restored sight to many, who a generation ago would have been blinded permanently by corneal injury, infection, or inherited corneal disease or degeneration. References Albert, Daniel M., Frederick A. Jakobiec (2000). Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology, 2nd Edition. Braunweld, Eugene, Anthony Fauci, Dennis Kasper, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Jameson, Harrisons(Feb., 2001). Principles of Internal Medicine. Aetna Intelihealth site: intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/24479/32200.html

The fame of michael jackson in middle east Essay

The fame of michael jackson in middle east - Essay Example Michael Jackson achieved his popularity in the Middle East from several of his strengths and preferences despite him being a very troubled man. It is paramount that the success story was not achieved easily but was one that was realized through resilience and hard work. The pop star overcame the racial discrimination age and was able to secure white audience along with his black supporters. Michael Jackson’s iconicity evolved around a combination of multiculturalism, religious orientation, and commitment to philanthropy, American individualism, and consumer capitalism as well as his regular world tours. Philanthropic ambitions by Michael Jackson at the height of his widespread music career saw him undertake a new interest in other cultures and religions, particularly the Muslim culture and the Arabian culture. At one time, Michael admitted to a preference for the Islam religion as he felt that the Islam religion resonated more with his values and believed. He even donated money to build a mosque in the Bahraini capital where he used to own a house. He also had several friends in Bahrain including the son of the former dictator Muammar Gaddafi. It was evident that most of the Bahraini people loved Michael because when he passed away, most people commented that they had lost a fellow Bahraini. The â€Å"Bad† world tour lasted over 16 months and involved con certs performed by Michael in 15 countries. In the concerts, Michael campaigned against racialism, social injustices, poverty, and environmental degradation. He achieved the sensitization against all these vices through his lyrics and imagery in his music such as ‘we are the world’ and ‘they don’t’ care about us’. Michael Jackson’s fans in the Middle East began to see Michael as a global symbol and not merely as an American. His music became the first popular music to be allowed in most Middle and Far East countries such as China in the 1980s when these countries were opening up. Most

The No Child Left Behind Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The No Child Left Behind Act - Essay Example However, for some students, the noble idea of not leaving a child behind has not yet been taken seriously with the general public and a lot of educational systems which includes special education. Furthermore, the progressions of credentials, assessment, categorization, placement, and instruction have truly meant to put down their cultural and linguistic differences. With that, it is apparent that school systems overlook multiculturalism and diversity especially in educational intervention, where the minority students are placed, which means children are left behind (Obiakor 2000). Unfortunately, there are some political figures that believe the no child left behind program does not work because minority groups in school systems cover forty percent of the student body and there are lack resources and accommodations for them to learn on an even level with the other students. This creates a major problem with these children learning properly and effectively, which indicates that that number of the growing diversity is being ignored. In fiscal years 2002 through the current 2004, Congress authorized between $26.4 billion and $32 billion to be spent on the "No Child Left Behind" initiative. While Bush's budget request rose in each of those years, it still fell far short of the authorization. And in the past two fiscal years, the president's request of about $22 billion was less than what Congress had appropriated the year before. Both years, Congress provided more than Bush requested. Critics also say that the way the "No Child Left Behind" federal grading system works isn't fair in some cases because it requires yearly progress not just from a school but from every subgroup of students, including those with disabilities or ones who speak English as a second language (Bush stumps for 'No Child Left Behind). The growing number of infants and toddlers of minority groups is increasing every year. Below consists of some statistics that sheds light on the issues, which needs to addressed immediately by educators and families of minority older children, infants and toddlers (Diversity in Early Childhood Intervention Leadership Current Facts and Challenges). The U.S. Department of Education (2003a) found that 38.8% of public school students were minorities in 2000, up from 29.6% in 1986. In addition, the number of students who spoke a language other than English at home rose from 6.3 million in 1979 to 13.7 million in 1999 (U.S. Department of Education, 2003b). Minority teachers, on the other hand, accounted for only 13% of the faculty. The number of ethnically and linguistically diverse students is continuing to grow. By the year 2005, children and adolescents of color will make up as much as 40% of the U.S. youth population. Schools with high concentrations of black and Hispanic students uniformly have the most teachers with the least experience and the least qualifications for the subject they teach. Infants and toddlers ages birth to 2 who are served under IDEA, Part C, reflect the growing diversity of the U.S. The children represented are African-American (15%), Hispanic/Latino (18%), Asian/Pacific Islander (4%) and American Indian/ Alaskan (1%). Special education teachers who served primarily students ages 3-5 classify themselves as Asian (2%), Black (5.8%), White (90%) and "other" (2%). 6.4% consider themselves Hispanic and 93.6% do not. "Young people from the least well off demographic groups form a

Bbc health inequality

Bbc health inequality According to a recent report written by the BBC Health Inequality Gap ‘Widening gap (2005) it is apparent that there is a continual problem with inequalities of health. As illustrated by the report the government advisory group revealed latest figures demonstrate that the gap between the poorest and the population as a whole has increased. The Group chairman Professor Sir Michael Marmot revealed that he would still like the health standard to be as good in the worst off groups as it is in the best, adding that the health standard has improved more rapidly in the best off group than it has in the worst off. The aim of this paper is to explore this in more detail with regards to how inequalities of health are related to social class, gender and ethnicity. To represent the reality of inequality of health studies and statistics will be addressed.    An individuals social class status tends to be classified within the material, cultural and social capital of the individual. There has always been a relationship between social class and health. Despite the intervention of the NHS there are still disturbing figures based on the irregularity of health between social classes. For example infant mortality rate was nineteen percent higher in 2001-3 between the general population, compared to 13% higher in 1997-9. BBC (2005) although, one uses this statistic it is worth mentioning that the population increase could be a contributory factor. However it remains an alarming statistic. It is submitted that as a result of the lack of material gain of those of low social class status there is the likelihood of poverty, low educational attainment lack of resources in health and poor living conditions which relate to the inequality of health. Despite this as suggested by ‘Patient UK in the article Health and Social Class(2008) ‘the difference in health between social classes is not simply a matter of disposable income. However it is the general assumption that those who experience poverty in society are likely to be those from a low social class status. The Black Report (1980) and the Acheson Report (1998) titled Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report suggested that a reduction of the inequalities of income in societies may help eliminate some of the inequalities of health. Poverty remains a problem as it may result in the abuse of drugs alcohol which may contribute to social exclusion and mental health. Another argument of the link between inequality and social class comes from the distinction on cultural views. It is argued that lower social classes practice a less healthy lifestyle, do less exercise in contrast to their middle class counter parts.(Batty GD 2006) Moreover they are likely to drink and smoke more. This was evidenced by the Royal College of Physicians report onSmoking and Health(2008)where it revealed a huge distinction of those in lower social classes being more prone to smoking and drinking. Earlier on reference was made between the link of inequality and social capital. This relates to the level of connection people have within their community through social organisations, clubs, family and work. It has been revealed that the social capital can have an impact on health an example of this is illustrated by self report studies which show those isolated in communities acquired poorer health than those employed. Julian Tudor Hart(1971) made an interesting analysis on the failure of the NHS to provide a uniform standard of care. What she referred to as ‘The Inverse Care Law. She emphasised that the â€Å"availability of good medical care tends to vary inversely with the need of the population served She elaborated her point revealing that   hospitals in poorer areas tend to have more ‘obsolete buildings and suffer recurrent crises in the availability of beds and replacement staff. There are apparent differences in the inequality of health and gender. Variations include the life expectancy and mortality, morbidity, health related behaviour and the socio-economic status. Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report (1998). One of the arguments raised as to the inequality of gender in health concerns the mortality and life expectancy. There is strong evidence which suggests that mortality rates are higher for men than women for all the major causes of death including cancer. Independent Inquiry into Inequalities in Health Report (1998) highlighted the variation of cancer for women and men. Whereas breast cancer was the main cause of death and lung cancer was second common, men mean lung cancer was the most common and prostrate cancer second common. The inquiry also revealed that life expectancy is five years longer in women than men. With regards to morbidity osteoporosis is more prevalent in women. For example the life time risk of fracture of the hip in women is 14% more compared to 3% for men. (Acheson 1998) There are also variations in health related behaviour which undoubtedly contribute to the inequality of health in gender. As illustrated by the Acheson Report (1998)almost 7% of men drink alcohol heavily 50 units per week in contrast to 2% of women who drink 35 units per week. Women are more likely to eat consume healthier food than men.( Acheson   1998). However mens physical activity is greater to that womens which is due to mens higher levels of occupational activity. The variation in women socioeconomic status also relate to the inequality of health in gender. Although women have increased in participation of paid employment they are more vulnerable to poverty as a result of their different occupational and domestic positions. It has been estimated that almost 66% of adults in the poorest households are women and 60% are dependant on income support. Moreover social isolation is more likely in women than in men most evident in the fact that older women are more likely to be widowed. In addition to arguments that illustrate how gender inequalities link to health it is also worth demonstrating how cultural expectations of men and women impact on health. It has been submitted that ‘frustration hopelessness and low self -esteem associated with unemployment are likely to be felt amongst men and if their female partner may also be out of work. This is relevant to the health as it may have a negative impact on health.   The Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities (1993-94)(FNSEH) gave an insight into the relationship between ethnicity and health. In reaching their findings the socioeconomic status was taken into account. This was measured by material deprivation in relation to housing problems, and ownership of cars as well as consumer durables was considered. It demonstrated that socioeconomic inequalities contribute to the inequalities in health within ethnic groups, and may also contribute to the inequalities in health between ethnic groups. Although the FNSEH (1993-94) measured socioeconomic factors to reach its findings it could also have considered other factors such as cultural issues and educational attainment in order to get a wholesome insight into the link between ethnicity and health. Furthermore the findings of the FNSEH (1993-94) was established a while ago indeed circumstances may have changed on the impact of health and ethnicity. The impact of the recession may be looked into as it is possible that the ethnic minorities may suffer the consequences of the economic downturn more. Ethnic migrants have increased due to expanding membership of the EU so it would be interesting include their relationships and links with health. It has been suggested by the Acheson Report (1998) that the diversity of experience of health between different ethnic groups may reflect in the different causes of poor health. This includes differences between ethnic groups on the susceptibility of getting poor health and differential access to factors which ameliorate cause or susceptibility, such as, preventive health care services. Poverty seems to be a contributory factor in the relation between ethnicity and health. It has been suggested that those from minority ethnic groups have higher than average rates of unemployment. (Maguire 1980)[13]. Furthermore there is a clear association between material disadvantage and poor health. This is most evident in the fact that according to studies of (Acheson D 1998) very high proportions of people from some minority ethnic groups are living on low levels of income, and are dependent on state benefits. The impact of housing safety and surrounding environment are factors which contribute to the relationship of ethnicity and health. Although owner occupation is quite high in some minority ethnic groups, housing quality is often poor. (Acheson D 1998) Overcrowding has been found to be more common in some minority ethnic groups. With regards to safety the FNSEH (1993-94) found that more than one in eight people from minority ethnic groups had experienced some form of racial harassment in the past year with 25%   of all respondents fearful of racial harassment. The British Crime Surveys have shown that South Asians and African Caribbeans are at greater risk of being victims of crime than whites. Such issues encountered by ethnic groups   is likely to contribute to health negatively in particularly   mental health. The impact of socioeconomic inequalities can be reduced however in saying this it may possibly marginalise ethnic groups implying that their problems are different to th ose of the majority. Despite this there is the risk of further inequality. It is important to assess the evidence one has raised on this paper. With regards to the reports cited (The Black Report, The Acheson Report)   it may be argued that the research sample used are not enough and so the findings may not be representative of the time. In addition to this the reports were conducted some over10 years ago and others 20 years ago and so inevitably circumstances may have changed.   Therefore the findings may not be as applicable now. Despite this the main trends still exist. Health inequalities are not reducing in the UK and the most socially and economically deprived areas continue to have those who suffer the worst health. There has always between a relationship between health and social class despite the intervention of the welfare state and the NHS. It appears that the economic, environment and cultural issues impact negatively on those with lower social class status in contrast to those in higher social class status. One is also sympathetic to the arguments laid out by Julian Hart on the ‘inverse care law which highlight the failure of the NHS to offer uniform care. This undoubtedly may also impact on the link between health and social class. Arguments also suggest a link between gender and health. Research conducted by the DoH found that with regards to morbidity osteoporosis is more prevalent in women. In addition to this the variations in health related behaviour, which undoubtedly contribute to the inequality of health in gender Disturbing illustrations of this include higher mortality rates this should not be allowed to persist. As well as this the fact that women tend to be socioeconomically worse off is a negative factor. However cultural expectations of men and health related behaviour also lend a hand in finding the link of gender and health. As research and various statistics will highlight , there are indeed links to ethnicity and health. Most prevalent is the economic and environmental factors which highlight differences in health between the ethnic groups and the majority groups.

Case Analysis of US v. Emerson Essays -- Law Court Essays

Case Analysis of US v. Emerson This case deals with the Defendant's possession of a firearm while under a restraining order, and the charges incurred by the Defendant for such firearm possession. Under Texas law, the possession of a firearm by Mr. Emerson creates a perceivable threat to members of his family, thus creating a violation of the restraining order against him. Apparently common practice in Texas, the restraining order was filed by Mr. Emerson's wife in conjunction with the papers filed for divorce. The restraining order sought to enjoin Emerson from "engaging in various financial transactions to maintain the financial status quo and from making threatening communications or actual attacks upon his wife during the pendency of the divorce proceedings" (United 1). Under Texas law, unbeknownst to Mr. Emerson, the possession of a firearm during the time period of the restraining order constituted a direct violation of the restraining order, and Mr. Emerson was indicted on charges of such violation. District Court Analysis Mr. Emerson was indicted in the US District Court for the Northern District of Texas, San Angelo Division, on charges of violation of the restraining order filed against him. Possession of a firearm was in violation of 18 U.S.C. Â § 922(g)(8) (hereafter referred to as "the Act"). This statute states that: (g) It shall be unlawful for any person (8) who is subject to a court order that (A) was issued after a hearing of which such person received actual notice, and at which such person had an opportunity to participate; (B) restrains such person from harassing, stalking, or threatening an intimate partner of such person or child of such intimate partner or person, or engaging in other c... ...judge's question of whether it was the government's position that it could "take guns away from the public," and, "restrict ownership of rifles, pistols and shotguns from all people." Mateja responded, "Yes" (Texas). Works Cited National Rifle Association, the. amicus curiae US v. Timothy Joe Emerson. URL: http://www.potomac-inc.org/emernra. 7/20/00. Potomac Institute, the. amicus curiae in support of appellant. URL: http://www.potomac-inc.org/emerarg.html. 7/20/00. State of Alabama, the. amicus curiae US v. Timothy Joe Emerson. URL: http://www.potomac-inc.org/alaamic.html. 7/20/00. "Texas Case Could Help Shape Gun Debate." America's 1st Freedom. August 2000. Vol. 1, Number 3. United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas San Angelo Division. United States v. Emerson. URL: http://www.azstarnet.com/~sandman/emerson.htm. 7/20/00.

Exploring the Theme of Love in Duffy’s Havisham Essay

Duffy, writing from the twentieth century perspective, revisits the well known character from Great Expectations in a dramatic monologue, where she assumes the persona of Havisham to explore the innermost thoughts and feelings of a bitter woman destroyed by unrequited love and humiliation. Havisham appears to be written in the style of a Shakespearean sonnet, but does not end in a rhyming couplet, only continues in this style. This symbolises that there is no happy ending for Havisham and thoughts of her lover’s betrayal will haunt her throughout the rest of her life, her pain in ongoing and never ending. Duffy takes away Miss Havisham’s title; by doing this she strips her of her identity in society. Duffy’s use of an oxymoron and pejorative, ‘Beloved sweetheart bastard’, has an undercurrent of violence, and emphasises Havisham’s conflicting emotions about her ex lover. The use of dark, monosyllabic language like ‘dead’, coupled with the harsh ‘d’ sound shows how detached Havisham has become from her emotions. The metaphor ‘dark green pebbles for eyes’, reflects how her soul has been hardened to all feelings and emotions. The isolated noun ‘spinster’ reflects Havisham’s own isolation from society, through her embarrassment at being jilted at the altar. Havisham ‘stink[s] and remember[s]’, the olfactic image shows that Havisham is consumed by her past and that every part of her is tainted by it. Duffy employs an aural animalistic image, ‘cawing’ that strips Havisham of her femininity and in her wardrobe Havisham’s dress is ‘yellowing’, reflecting her own decay. Havisham is afraid to look in ‘the slewed mirror’ because she fears herself and then she questions ‘who did this to [her]’, whether she is responsible for what she has become. Duffy uses darkly erotic and sensual images as Havisham imagines emasculating her lover, and a violent plosive, ‘bite’, to emphasise her desire to emasculate him, just as her femininity was taken from her. The oxymoron ‘love’s hate’ reflects Havisham’s conflicted emotions, that her past has disturbed her present and future. Duffy employs a violent plosive, ‘red balloon bursting in my face’, with a denotation that emphasises her desire for revenge. There is a violent, isolated, onomatopoeic, aural image that represents her pain, her past and her suffering. Havisham longs for ‘a male corpse’ which implies her desire to torture and gain revenge on her ex lover. Duffy shows us that it is not only Havisham’s heart that has broken, but her mind is broken too, she has been destroyed by her ex lover and this has distorted her view on her life and herself.