How Do You Tune An Idea Essay - 1177 Words

How to tune an idea? The other day, one of my younger cousins came to see me and we had a long chat. At one point, he said that he was contemplating on a technology-based business idea in which he showed his zest and zeal to endow. I asked him to share the thoughts with me in detail. Then he explained, what he wanted to do, how to implement the thinking, approximate cost, budget, tentative loss-profit calculation, marketing procedure and supply chain management system etc. I found out that the proposal is new in Bangladesh and may be feasible if he can run it properly. Then I asked him to prepare a pitch deck for it. He replied, how about the pitch and how to do it. I informed that what you described me for the last half an hour, write it down. It will be a prototype. When you would make a slide with the gist of the prototype, it is generally named pitch. A pitch deck basically is a brief presentation, often created using PowerPoint, Keynote or Prezi used to provide your audience with a quick overview/sh ort summary of your company, business venture and startup. You will usually use your pitch during face-to-face or online meetings with potential investor or clients. According to the famous evangelist and author, Guy Kawasaki, who is also an American marketing specialist and Silicon Valley venture capitalist, a pitch should have ten slides, last no more than twenty minutes and contain no font smaller than thirty points. This is applicable for any presentation to reachShow MoreRelatedTechnologys Effect on Music Essay908 Words   |  4 PagesAuto-Tune has been the death of real music, just as Charles Manson killed Sharon Tate. While the program didn’t hold a gun to music’s head, it was the mastermind behind the decline of raw emotion. In the 70’s and 80’s music was more than just perfect figures and dance moves, music was real. 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The Psychology Of Clinical Psychology - 929 Words

Clinical psychology is a branch of psychology that focuses on and diagnoses mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders. A clinical psychologist may specialise in certain disorders, including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, personality disorders, and bipolar disorders. He or she may also provide counseling services to people who are struggling with divorces, relationship and emotional problems. Clinical psychological services include procedures to understand, predict, and relieve any forms of discomfort. This includes emotional, physical, and psychological distress, social and behavioral struggles, and mental illness. In addition, clinical psychology includes services to enhance functioning in all of these areas. Within this†¦show more content†¦The clinical psychologists may specialise in areas such as addiction, domestic relationships, or learning disabilities. Practitioners in this field may meet with their clients one-on-one, or they may lead group sessions. The psy chologists assess their clients to create intervention methods to achieve their goals. The second group is the clinical psychologists who specialise in research. Their investigations improve our understanding of human behaviour. Researches in this field may run studies and publish their discoveries. They also make recommendations to further improve systems in clinical psychology. Research psychologists ensure comprehension of mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders. Clinical psychologists ask several questions to discuss their client’s difficulties. They also consider if the client has seen a counselor before, and if the sessions have been successful. Once they grasp the patient’s medical and psychological problems, the clinicians will also ask about other aspects of his or her life. Clinical psychologists ask for their client to further discuss their problems, and how it has affected their life. They will ask how the problems have been previously alleviated, and what makes the client more content and happy with their life. With this information, the clinical psychologist determines if additional sessions are likely to be useful. If so, they will recommend a particular type of approach or therapy based on the client’s individual needs.

Microeconomic Factors Domestic and Global Market †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Microeconomic Factors Domestic and Global Market. Answer: Introduction Microeconomics is the branch of economics that deals with decision making of an individual, for single firm or a single market. Basic microeconomic factors help to understand economic scenario for domestic and global market. In the present paper, an article on grain price volatility is considered. There are three influencing factors affecting the price of grains. The article concerns what is happening in the international market and in the domestic market of Australia. Demand and Supply forces interact to determine price in the market. Price of wheat and barley has undergone with fluctuation for volatility in demand and supply side factors. Australia participates in export of grains. Therefore, global market conditions also affect decision in the domestic market. The article is discussed in detail using concepts of demand, supply and elasticity of demand. The article Dramatic impact on global grain prices is published by Agfarm; www.agfarm.com.au. The main concern of the article is price volatility of wheat and barley in the domestic and international market. In the year 2016/2017, harvesting experiences a low grain price that is lower in the extent of 10 years (farmweekly.com.au 2017). In contrast, in recent months of July and June, price has rallied up to the level of 30 percent. Three interlinked factors are indentified as driving forces behind the price rally. These are global weather condition, global supply and global demand. Starting with global weather, a comparatively drier and warmer season is experienced by producers in Europe and Black Sea. France, Italy, Spain and Australia as well experienced rainfall that is below yearly average. As a result, there is a global supply shortage leading to a price rise globally. Similar situation is faced in domestic market of Australia. This is in contrast to a situation as recorded in 2016/17 in Australia. The excess supply during this time had pushed prices down. The excess supply in the domestic market exported to fulfill international demand (smh.com.au 2017). When international demand raised, then it creates a shortage in domestic market and again leads to a rise in price. Australia faces an inelastic demand base for both domestic consumption and major export homes. The inelastic demand is required to be met before supplementary demand. A more competitive price is needed in order to achieve this fill. The varying elasticity affects Australias grain production and pricing decision. The microeconomic concepts that need to be evaluated for a complete analysis and understanding key insights are forces of demand and supply in determining price for both global and international market. Elastic or inelastic nature of demand is also crucial and hence need attention. Economic analysis of the article In economics, Supply refers to an amount of goods and services offered by the seller to the consumer given the price at a particular point in time. A positive relation is found to exist between supply and price (Fine 2016). This means when price rises then supply rises as well and vice versa. Consequently, there are movements along the supply curve because of any change in own price. Change in factors other than price causes a shift in the supply curve. When supply curve shifts a new equilibrium point is obtained and correspondingly a new market price and quantity. In crop harvesting, weather is an important factor influencing production. Insufficient rainfall results in an unfavorable weather condition for harvesting. In this year, there is an unusual warmer and drier season in Black Sea and Europe (northqueenslandregister.com.au 2017). France has experienced rainfall that is 75pc of average seasonal rainfall. Italy, during this season has 77pc of its average rainfall. Rainfall is even lower for Spain. It has 66 pc rainfalls than usual . The insufficient rainfall means a reduction in global production. As a result, the supply curve will shift leftward causing a rise in price and decline in quantity. This is explained in the figure given. In figure 1, DD depicts the global demand for grain. SS reflects supply or global production. E is the initial equilibrium point which gives P* and Q* as respective equilibrium price and quantity. When there is decrease in global production due to poor weather condition then supply curve shifts inward and S1S1 is new supply curve. When supply shrinks, then available supply fell short of the demand (Currie, Peel and Peters 2016). To ration the excess demand price has to be increased. Corresponding to this new supply curve E1 is the new equilibrium point indicating a high price P1. The condition of global weather hampered the world production of wheat and barley has experienced an unexpected decrease in production in the extent of five years. Buyers who really have demand for grains need to pay a premium price. Most of the cropping belts in Australia has experienced below average rainfall. This resulted in lower production per acres and yielding penalties. The contraction of supply in domestic market has a similar effect as that described in figure 1. In a sharp contrast to this situation, during 2016/17 the Australian Market is overflowed with grain supply. The excess supply is required to be rationed in the market with an increased demand; otherwise, the excess supplied quantity will be wasted. This pushed the price down to a low level not observed in the last ten years. When there is excess grain production, then supply curve will shift rightward. The situation is reverse as described in figure 1. The new equilibrium is E1 as obtained from the intersection of demand existing demand curve and new supply curve (Baumol and Blinder 2015). Unless there is an increase in demand price goes down as is happened in Australian market in 2016/17. In order to absorb the excess supply in the domestic market and escape from the low price Australia exported the excess produced grains. The low priced grain exported from Australia faced increased international demand. Now increased supply in association with increased demand helps to recover from low price and price increased gradually (Kolmar 2017). Change in any factors other than price causes a shift in the demand curve. Demand in the Australian grain market increases, because of an increased demand for export in the international market. This is shown by a rightward shift in the demand curve from initial DD to D1D1. Market equilibrium is at the joining point of new demand curve (D1D1) and new supply curve (S1S1) (Taylor 2014). Equilibrium is set at a high price (P**) and high quantity (Q**). The recorded quantity of grain exported from Australia lead to a complete absorption of stocks at the end of 2016/17 (weeklytimesnow.com.au 2017). The remaining stock has happened to be less than originally estimated. For wheat, the estimate is 8.5 million tones and for barley, it is 800 thousand. The overall impact on grain price is a hike in price by 30 pc. The forecast for wheat and barley demand is 21.mt and 7.7mt respectively for the season 2017/18. This puts an overall supply of 30mt and 8.5mt. Elasticity of demand and price determination Elasticity of demand signifies proportionate change in demand corresponding to a proportionate change in price. Pricing decision depends on responsiveness of demand when price changes because price and quantity together determines revenue (Rader 2014). Demand is considered as relatively inelastic in cases where change in demand is proportionately less than change in price. In case of relatively elastic demand, demand changes more than price. Depending on the nature of demand, price revision is taken into consideration (Bernanke, Antonovics and Frank 2015). In situation of an elastic demand, the demand curve is flatter is shape (Rode 2015). A small increase in price from P1 to P2 causes a much larger reduction in quantity from Q1 to Q2. DD shows a relatively inelastic demand curve (Arrow 2015). Here, a rise in price from P1 to P2 causes a smaller reduction in demand quantity from Q1 to Q2. Australia has an inelastic demand base for consumption in the domestic market and key export countries. The Australian forecast of domestic demand for wheat and barley is 8.4mt and 3.5 mt respectively, constituting an exportable surplus of 16mt and 3.5mt. However, even before passing half of year Australia already exported nearly 6mt of barley and 16mt of wheat absorbing the entire estimated surplus. With a reasonable grain price in the global market, more buyers now come in the global market pushing the prices up. Therefore, Australia no longer remains competitive into export market having elastic demand because in the phase high price demand reduced drastically (Cowen and Tabarrok 2015). It continues exporting in the inelastic export market. Conclusion The recent upsurge in price of wheat and barley market leads to enough decreases in demand such that it offsets the decrease in production because of an below average rainfalls in major supplier countries. This also ensures that inelastic export and domestic demand can be fulfilled in the coming season. In the Australian market, the grain growers face a double-edged sword. Given all other factors remain constant, price stays constant in the short term. Unless the region receives, sufficient rainfall or brighter weather prospect the production cannot be improved and so is the price. Until, the time arrived, there is no other option but to wait for the next season in 2017/18 for a significant turnout to be happened. References "Wheat And Barley Price Volatility Not Seen In Three Years - Agriculture - Cropping - General News - Farm Weekly". 2017.Farmweekly.Com.Au. https://www.farmweekly.com.au/news/agriculture/cropping/general-news/dramatic-impact-on-global-grain-prices/2755620.aspx. Gray, Darren. 2017. "Big Dry Puts Scythe Through Wheat Harvest".The Sydney Morning Herald. https://www.smh.com.au/business/big-dry-puts-scythe-through-wheat-harvest-20170911-gyf6ye.html. "Hold Em, Fold Em, Walk Away Or Run | Nidera". 2017.North Queensland Register. https://www.northqueenslandregister.com.au/story/4948577/hold-em-fold-em-walk-away-or-run-nidera/?cs=4770. "Stockfeed Demand Drives Barley Markets Higher". 2017.Weeklytimesnow.Com.Au. https://www.weeklytimesnow.com.au/agribusiness/cropping/grain-talk/grain-market-dry-week-stockfeed-demand-drives-barley-markets-higher/news-story/dc988c53d68d775585d0bf0bf9940d8b. Fine, Ben. "Microeconomics."University of Chicago Press Economics Books(2016). Currie, David, David Peel, and Will Peters, eds.Microeconomic Analysis (Routledge Revivals): Essays in Microeconomics and Economic Development. Routledge, 2016. Baumol, William J., and Alan S. Blinder.Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning, 2015. Kolmar, Martin. "Introduction." InPrinciples of Microeconomics, pp. 45-53. Springer, Cham, 2017. Taylor, Matthew P. "ECNS 201S. 03: Principles of Microeconomics." (2014). Rader, Trout.Theory of microeconomics. Academic Press, 2014. Bernanke, Ben, Kate Antonovics, and Robert Frank.Principles of macroeconomics. McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2015. Rode, Sanjay. "Modern Microeconomics." (2015). Arrow, Kenneth. "Microeconomics and operations research: Their interactions and differences."Information Systems Frontiers17, no. 1 (2015): 3-9. Cowen, Tyler, and Alex Tabarrok.Modern Principles of Microeconomics. Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

Strategic Process Management †Nabisco Essay Example

Strategic Process Management – Nabisco Essay Strategic Process Management – Nabisco 1)Introduction Nabisco is 1 of Kraft’s billion-dollar brands which is dated back to as far as more than a century since 1898 when the United States Baking Company, the New York Biscuit Company and the American Biscuit amp; Manufacturing Company formed to become the National Biscuit Company. â€Å"Nabisco† first appeared on a new sugar wafer product in 1901, but the corporate name did not change from National Biscuit Company to Nabisco, Inc. until 1971. Kraft Food acquired the Nabisco business in December 2000. Today, Nabisco’s brands include some of the best-known cookies and crackers in the world, including Oreo, Chips Ahoy! and Ritz. Nabisco’s existence over such long history in the food industry also denotes that it have advantages over competitors in the behaviours of the consumers. Nabisco rid the wave of changing together with the traditional manufacturer focus push strategy of â€Å"We made it, you buy it† to the consumers focus pull strategy of â€Å"you make it; we’ll let you know about it†. The â€Å"We† as a seller, have switched its role; from a dominating to a submissive position empowering the consumers. We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Process Management – Nabisco specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Process Management – Nabisco specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Strategic Process Management – Nabisco specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In order to balance the empowerment, Nabisco knew it had to invest in its supply chain function! Only when its supply chain is in good function that it can ensure repeated business transaction continues and generates profits for the company. - Here in this assignment, we will be looking into how Nabisco implemented Strategic Process Management to its supply chain function by analysing its business environment to reconstructive its mission and vision, what choices it made to enhance its strategy and built the company’s image and what measurements and control tools it have to sustain its success. 2)Nabisco Corporate Philosophy Nabisco created 1 wholesome vision which included the company, the customers and the anticipation. A vision that focused both on internal and external factors on doing things right the first time above all expectation. * Mission:To be First, Fast amp; Fresh One that can create a focus on customers’ needs, the internal alignment that let Nabisco wor k towards common goals, and executive excellence to give them speed and ability to do things right the first time, better than the competition, and better than our customers’ expectations. In order to achieve the mission, Nabisco have to organize the company internally to achieve self-excellence through independence. Being Proactive, Nabisco promotes this proactive mindset by recognizing and rewarding its employees for demonstration of proactive qualities in the monthly town hall meeting. A simple step which encourages all employers to take ownership and dignity that they are responsible for. Next, Nabisco visualized; being with the end in mind, this meant, creating a sense of direction for the Nabisco. Being proactive in Nabisco’s development, employees of all departments and all levels form a team to create the â€Å"Mission† for the company. The mission for Nabisco created was to get the products from Nabisco to the customers First, Fast and Fresh. Being all armed with both proactive and a sense of direction, Nabisco embarked into ‘strategic management’, decision making which leads to actions taken that will determine if a corporation is going to excel, survive only or shuts down in future. This is a strategic plan which has to be somewhat different. This was 1 of the most important implementation in Nabisco, Strategic Management focus on and stays through a plan that is very important for Nabisco. And Nabisco started to build the framework of the plan into its operations, focusing on supply chain function. * Goal:Create Supply Chain to be Fast, Focus, Flexible and Fun. Fast; speed which also denotes for action oriented in Nabisco. Focus; taking care and understanding their customers well at the same time creating extra value for customers. Flexibility; this means ideas over procedures, loosening tight controls which generates better ideas to improve work flows or environments. Lastly, being Fun; a passionate and enthusiastic attitude about getting the work done. - With vision aligned, Nabisco concluded a critical decision on investing in Supply Chain. As supply chain management defines, all resources which includes finance, materials and information that flows from the supplier’s supplier ending all the way to the customer’s customer. In order to fulfill its mission, Nabisco’s supply chain will have to succeed. Supply Chain Strategic Management became the core competent that Nabisco need to achieve. 3)Analyzing the Business Environment In order to understand where Nabisco is in the market, SWOT Analysis amp; Porter’s five force models are used to evaluate Nabisco’s internal amp; external operating environment and market situation. Below, you will see both analyzing models being performed. a) Business amp; Market Analysis i) SWOT Analysis A method used to evaluate the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats invo lved in a project or in a business venture. A market analysis which involves specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective. Figure 3. 3: SWOT Analysis Diagram (Source: www. businessteacher. org. uk) * Strength i) Staff Strength With staff strength of 5000, it creates better approach for Nabisco in staff deployment which it leverages with retailer by putting them with directly at the store. Thus this will improve customer relationship. ii) Financially Sounded Organization Nabisco is a $3. 6 billion financial sound organization which this enhances its position to implement strategic reforms as a corporation. iii) Direct Relationship with Consumers The strongest strength of Nabisco is its direct customer relationship. This direct contact with consumers gives Nabisco a competitive advantage because Nabisco knows exactly who are their consumers, their requirements, when consignments shall be arrival, how to display the products, pricing that consumers spent with Nabisco and etc. It is a more to a 1-1 proposition. Moreover, Nabisco sale staff can rely on the gather information to office for market interpretation. iv) Low Inventory and Short Produce Life Cycle Nabisco has substituted information for inventories and manufactures biscuits quantity to be as accurate as possible. Key advantages are reducing low inventories and improve the quality of the products. This is a very vital point and basic want from the customer to be able to purchase a freshly made biscuits and value for purchase. The low inventory level also enables Nabisco to incorporate declining components ‘costs and pass some of the saving to customers faster than rivals. Weakness i)Lack of Market Reach Nabisco faces barrier in markets where there are existing good local competitors, consumer preferences for local brands, religious and well-entrenched distribution channels. * Opportunity i) Development of Product Range and Target Audience Nabisco has the ability to integrate the manufacturing of product with food technology. F or instance, they have created a new product called â€Å"Snack-Well† which the reduced-fats products have successfully retains its tastiness. This has expanded its product range and created a healthy awareness. Threat i) Duplication of DSD Nabisco’s breakthrough of DSD was a big success that its industry competitors have duplicated/implemented the direct to customer model with varying degree of successes too. It may not be a competitive advantage in the near future. In additional, low cost competitors can easily copy Nabisco’s strategies especially those located in the developing countries. ii) Hygiene Monitoring Besides having a quick, fast moving of products to the consumers, it is vital to ensure that hygiene are closely monitoring throughout the pipeline. One mistake can be fatal to the survival of Nabisco. ii) Porter’s Five Forces This framework draws upon Industrial Organization (IO) economics to derive five forces that determine the competitive intensity and therefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in this context refers to the overall industry profitability. An unattractive industry is one in which the combination of these five forces acts to drive down overall profitability. A business analysis that is critical for the company’s plan in going forward. Figure 3. 4: Porter’s Five Forces Analysis Diagram Source: The Free Encyclopedia, www. wikipedia. org) i) Suppliers Depending on their order quantities, this can put themselves in a good bargaining power from the suppliers and thus adding a degree of pressure to the suppliers in cost factors and speed consignment delivery. However, there is necessitating for a backward integration in the fear event of ingredient stock out. This will result the slowdo wn of manufacturing and cannot deliver fast enough to stores. Basically biscuits industry’s commodity is classified as a fast moving consumer’s goods (FMCG) industry. Supplier evaluation is also vital taking the recent case of the China milk scandal case, if anyone of the biscuits ingredient (milk) is ordered from these wick suppliers. The entire manufacturing line will be stopped and reputation is greatly affected. ii) New Entrants As this is a consumer food industry, it is considered relatively difficulties to penetrate into this market. The companies are required to process the relevant food authority license, comply to their require checking at all time and a higher capital set up investment. Nevertheless, if the new rival manages to obtain the operating license and with wide publicity, the rival can easily compete with Nabisco. Especially in this new era with the rapid growth of emerging and developing countries, any locally biscuits with sound financial ground company can expand the market share globally. Nabisco understand this possibility of new entrants as such they have direct customer interact within the store, maintain the relationship and replenish the stocks at the quicker time. iii) Buyers There are many alternatives in this biscuits industry ranging. The switching power of the buyers is high. In order to reduce the bargaining power of the customers, the manufacturer can lock in long term contracts with their customers. In additional, they can produce products to target certain audience. iv) Substitutes There are varieties of biscuits available in the markets. As a result, consumers could easily substitute their choices, especially if the products are not put correctly on shelf fast enough and cannot drew the customers’ attention. Nabisco is aware on this point and decide to put at least 4-5 sale persons at the front line to drew customers’ attention. In additional, with careful supply chain management and good integration of the good food technology, the manufacturer can introduce good foods like â€Å"Snack well’s†. This has successfully substituted the competitors’ products. v) Industry Competitors In this biscuit industry, the competitiveness is relative higher. New innovative products are introduced to the markets any moments. Existing players must be consistently check and review the competitors’ movement. Beside that the organization has to create the right culture and structures to stay focus on their version and goal in order to supersede their rivals. For Nabisco, they put great emphasis on team work and investing on the right people at the right time to achieve their competitive advantage. b) Nabisco’s Supply Chain Model With strong financial backup, comprehensive program like direct store delivery and investment in information technology EDI system like Distribution Requirement Planning (DRP) or point of sale have made this reform possible. Strong Competitor and demanding customers directed Nabisco in adoption of several important concepts in its supply chain to achieve its goal. Mass merchandisers which deploying using one stop warehouse, or direct from the manufacturer to the store in a system named Direct Store Delivery (DSD), resources management and food technologies were implemented. The company is driven by advanced information technology system which does everything from the plants to managing inventory in the entire supply chain pipeline. Figure 3. 1: Traditional Supply Chain in Food Industry Figure 3. 2: Nabisco’s New Supply Chain Diagram Nabisco’s production is demand driven so that it is coordinated with end user’s demands. It supply chain uses fast information flow mechanisms to transfer information about customer demand to the manufacturing facilities. With the strong belief of the importance of information technology, Nabisco has introduced EDI (Electronic Data Interchange) DRP to be exact, which has the capable to synchrony information. With evaluation of forecasts and actual demand, DRP is the foundation for time-phrases production scheduling which shortens the lead time and accelerated the delivery time to the customer. Reference to Figure 5. 1: Establish Integrated U. S. Food End to End Processes in section 5, illustrates the flow of information and material in Nabisco’s supply chain. Nabisco has the ability to anticipate incoming order more accurately and subsequently, maintain its cost of inventory at minimum level. In additional, it will reduce the â€Å"bull whip† effect; smooth information flow along the supply chain pipeline. On the other hand, Nabisco’s supply chain strategic is simple in concept but very complex in execution. As its pull based strategy in final stage are only workable when the lead times of the components are short enough for its production line to react faster to the demand information. Similarly in order respond to orders and promptly delivery timing, manufacturing lead time is vital to be shortened. - Nabisco strongly believe that there is no real customer value without a close relationship; therefore they have positioned the sale persons to take the orders and arrange direct delivery direct from its DC to the store. Thus this will maintain a closeness direct touch with their retailer’s consumers. By doing so, they can deliver fresh products at a faster pace and less handling signify a lesser breakage of fragile products. This is why Nabisco emphasis on its mission of First, Fast and Fresh. - 4)Choices of Strategy Following strategic analysis, strategic choice will be the second element in the strategic management process. There are 4 strategy formulations which include societal strategy, corporate strategy, business strategy and functional strategy. Nabisco formulated on 3 strategy formulations in succeed of their business. a) Corporate Strategy The corporate strategy is tied together with the corporate vision and the direction of the organization. Nabisco’s corporate mission is to be first, fast, and fresh. In order to achieve the goal, the top management wants to place supply chain management at the core of a comprehensive business strategy to better serve customers, build sales, profits and returns. For a good supply chain management, it is important to have a good team of people in the organization. Thus, Nabisco’s investment starts with getting and developing the right people. The company do provides a good environment for everyone to make contribution to the organization. b) Business Strategy Business strategy is another strategic choice which will attain competitive advantages over the competitors. Logistics cost is significant in distribution and it is important to have a good distribution strategy in order to reduce the cost. Nabisco is one of the very few companies that have done well in their distribution strategy. They used different distribution methods for different type of products. For all cookies and related food products, it uses Direct Store Delivery (DSD). DSD can be expensive but it’s cost effective. It gives Nabisco tremendous leverage with retailers as it puts company in a position to be a real factor in improving their business. DSD also require less handling which lead to less breakage of fragile products. Nabisco had applied DSD very well in their distribution which brings the company lead among the competitors. Restructuring is the corporate management term for the act of reorganizing the legal, ownership, operational, or other structure of a company for the purpose of making it more profitable, or better organized for its current needs. Nabisco have decided to go into restructuring the organization so to improve its competitive position. Its restructuring programs include re-organize corporate staff and operating company head offices and reducing low-volume product lines and sizes. It allows Nabisco to gain higher productivity and serve customers better with lower operating cost. Nabisco’s investment is another competitive advantage to the organization. Its investment had paid off over and over for the company. It gets hold of the opportunity and combines with their good ideas, good food technology and flawless supply chain management to come out with new products. They have made their products grown big and fast which other competitors didnt manage to. c) Functional Strategy Another strategy which spells the in-house functional capabilities will be the functional strategy. In Nabisco, they create right culture ad structure to wrap around the right supply chain management system. The key elements of their culture will be fast, focused, flexible, and fun. Speed is one of the main concerns in food grocery industry and it see as the price of admission to any competitive field. Focused, in order to focus on customer’s need and to fulfill it, Nabisco not only just understand their customer’s business but involve being part of it. It also focuses on their business need so to create a kind of free-flowing functional excellence. Flexibility, it refers to the organization as it means more leadership and less management. Lastly will be fun, it is important that people in the organization have the passion in getting the job done. In the industry, many organizations have made the mistake of stopping with automated billing and payment which is the fundamental contribution of EDI’s ability to link computers. As for Nabisco, it concentrates on the full range of value-adding application that brings computer links to life. Nabisco had created a new order management system which allows the salesperson to generate orders on the go. Its plant and planning are wired together and make all the information in the system are up to date. With all the useful information in the system, the organization able to have a better monitoring and planning by generating useful reports. Wiring the organization effectively had bring Nabisco to another success in managing the company’s inventory system. - Nabisco is doing well in new products innovation and it had awarded with the Outstanding Corporate Innovator Award based on the new product success. Nabisco is the first food company to be so honored. Over the years, Nabisco had created many new products regularly and have successfully retained the products stayed on the shelves. In doing so, the organization have a good team of Ramp;D people which the company divides them into product development and research lines. Both divisions work as a team very closely and lead to the success in new products innovation. - 5)Implementation of Strategy Strategic Management Process for Nabisco involved analysis of environment, evaluation of strategic formulations, implementation and m onitoring of strategy progress. It is important to attain competitive advantage over the competitors via strategic implementation and monitoring. After evaluating the business environment of Nabisco, through SWOT and Porter’s analysis, the corporation is well aware of its business standing in the food industry. The understanding of strategic analysis led to strategic choice, which consists of corporate strategy, business strategy and functional strategy. Subsequently, implementing and monitoring emerge to execute the final plan. These plans enable an organisation to concrete the words or planning into action and to achieve corporate objective. a) Structure Distribution Channel The distribution channel affects how a company reached out to its customers. Nabisco deliver products to consumer through traditional grocery, as well as mass merchandisers such as convenience store, membership club and drug store. They managed to operate the distribution well, thanks to their warehouse distribution stops and DSD. Reference to Figure 3. 1 Traditional Supply Chain in Food Industry and Figure 3. 2 Nasbisco’s New Supply Chain Diagram in section 3b, illustrates the changes in Nabisco’s supply chain flow. This is uncommon for a company to operate their distribution channel in 2 ways. Nabisco puts themselves directly in touch with its retailers’ consumers and help them to reach consumers efficiently. The management of Nabisco evaluate the company’s supply chain from the top to shipping and distribution of final products. They understood the strategy accurately and ensure that all the departments are work and function efficiently in order to meet their goals. The effective strategies that Nabisco has adopted led them to meet their customers’ desire. Customer perceptions are important to guide the company in meeting quality standards and customer retention. Nabisco gives customer what they want, how and when they want it at an agreed upon price that they are happy to pay. On top of that, Nabisco cultivated a right culture to create the right supply chain management system. Both are typically interrelated in nurture a successful supply chain management. Nabisco’s effort for change in distribution channel worked so well that it won them competitive advantages in providing an expanded customer base more than their competitors. System Nabisco needed to develop 2 major supply chain systems—a new sales forecasting tool and a DRP (Distribution Requirements Planning) system. After 2 years of research and planning, it implemented the DRP and forecasting systems in late 1990. This also enhanced its order management and inventory management systems to be more robust and to take advantage of the new components to the supply chain. Nabisco defined supply chain management as â€Å"a business practice that begins with the customer, integrating systems and business processes from forecasting through demand planning, resulting in an effective integration of purchasing, order management, manufacturing and transportation to the customer. † Such implementation meets its objective of being the low cost supplier, not just manufacturer, to the customers. The business process begins with a forecast. Representatives from production planning, sales, operations, marketing, finance, plant management, and logistics formally meet monthly to ensure that agreement exists with regard to the forecast plan. The focus here is on aligning the availability of materials/packaging supplies and production capability. The team studies the promotional calendar and any changes in timing to identify potential trouble spots such as line conflicts, availability of ingredients, and machine capacity. The logistics group has complete control, however, to determine the forecast that is sent over to the Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP) system, and becomes the foundation for production scheduling and deployment to the distribution center network. Weekly operational meetings take place where key participants jointly resolve variations that might exist between the recommended production schedule and manufacturing capabilities. The team understands that unexpected problems can occur and that these issues must be immediately communicated so that an alternative plan can be agreed upon. Common goals and objectives drive the incentive system, ensuring all participants do not operate with conflicting measurement systems. Nabisco have a strong technology foundation that provides end-to-end, common integrated systems and functionality. Our technology foundation is built on common, integrated systems and metrics. All key supply chain participants have access to real (or near real) time data that influences the performance of the supply chain. This is critical if we are to measure our performance as one supply chain, driven from a common data source, with fully linked performance indicators. This gives us the ability to perform enterprise-wide supply chain modeling as illustrated above. Figure 5. 1: Establish Integrated U. S. Food End to End Processes (Source: www. bsu. edu) Today, through new item introductions and a general proliferation of products, Nabisco manage many more individual stock keeping units (SKUs) than in the past. In fact it has moved from 1,600 SKUs just 5years ago to more than 2,100 today. Although manufacturing capacities have been improved, there has not been a corresponding increase in the manufacturing flexibility due to the capital investment that would be required. Many of its manufacturing facilities operate with high speed equipment that was intended for long runs, with few changeovers. Additionally, through initiatives like Efficient Consumer Response and others, progressive companies are operating with fewer inventories than in the past. They have altered their buying cycles and are presenting manufacturers with smaller orders requiring more frequent deliveries. This requires planning to become more intense and time constrained, with a true customer and lowest landed cost focus. Nabisco must focus its supply chain to respond to customers ordering more items in smaller quantities with less lead-time. b) Processes Nabisco also invested on resource planning and flexibility within organisation. It is important to build a comfortable working environment for the employee to work efficiently and make contribution to the company. Nabisco motivate and reward their employee by enhancing the development and promotion system. With a right incentive system and management appraisal, Nabisco could see the result from the company’s profit as well as return. In addition, Nabisco understand that the key driver for the business is consumer’s demand. Thus, they are putting the right people in critical positions, to serve customer fast, first and fresh. For example, they have a team of 5,000 people calling on stores in United States. With the efficient of distribution and management, Nabisco reach customers at maximum speed and accuracy. To become a lowest cost food manufacturer and excel their competitors in the market besides pricing, Nabisco needs to provide continuous and lifelong self improvement programmes to the employee. To managing talent, attracting and motivating is the key to retain the best people. A good investment in people is a global practice that could help the organisation to concentrate on core competencies in business. c) Behaviour Organisation behaviour does constitute to strategic implementation. The people, leadership and information system is crucial in optimising effectiveness of organisation strategy. Nabisco is a food manufacturing company that exercised action oriented and entrepreneurial. They are learning a new lesson from the risk they faced in the past. Also, good communication between functional departments aids to drop the superfluous processes in product manufacturing and distribution. The sales people of Nabisco visiting the stores few times a week. Every time they visit, they will take the order, arrange stock delivery, and display the products on the selves. By doing so, they are able to reach consumers need in fastest way. Moreover, they could adjust the supply of the products in the stores according to market demand. - Technology supports the service; product support promise; quality support customer value and focus. Nabisco created a new product Snack well and introduced to market. They received overwhelming demand from the consumers in a short period. This successful launching shows that the effort of good idea, technology and people management is important to thrive in strategy implementation. - 6) Control of Strategy Control simply means to monitor and improved on. Monitoring of organisation strategy is to measuring actual performance of the organisation against planned performance. It helps to identify the gaps and deviations of an organisation before they could take corrective action. Strategic control is vital as its focuses on actions implement by organisation to achieve organisation objective. It is important to obtain customer feedback in the process of strategic control. With a good channel of communication with consumers, it facilitates in creating manufacturing flexibility to meet company’s structure. In Nabisco, the management and employees were able to maintain inventory cost and carrying cost low and provide customers excellence service in unison. In order to achieve higher market share and profit in the industry, Nabisco continue to reduce the cost of inventory for raw material and packaging cost for finished goods. Indexes like Inventory turn and customer satisfaction are implemented to keep track upon. Nabisco also measures the company performance by finance indicator, Return on Equity (ROE). They constantly improve customer service by increase the orders fulfilment and invoicing accuracy as well as timely delivery. Because they are doing business efficiently, revenue and profits increase. On the other hand, proper inventory management further enhance the company’s ROE. Eventually, business runs better and dynamic with appropriate monitoring approaches adopted by Nabisco. - In summary, an organisation needs to set reasonable target and focus on core business while defending the corporate values at the same time. The leadership from the top management play crucial role in the strategy implementation and monitoring. They support research and development of an organisation, also control the capital spending tightly. Beside, Nabisco retain capable employees by reward them generously. Low employee turnover do aids in the strategy implementing and monitoring. - 7)Conclusion Supply chain management (SCM) does not totally described the complex challenges faced in providing the customer with value-added products and services while concurrently meeting a company’s vision and mission. However, given all of the elements involved— technology, communications, corporate cultures, internal goals, customer requirements—the dynamics of SCM can be many and complex. Nabisco made an excellent strategic decision by focusing and investing in its supply chain function! It actually took 2 years for Nabisco take on that challenge with much determination. It was not an easy decision, much consideration and analysis and picking the right strategy to meet its goal. This Strategic decision for implementation proved success. It enhanced Nabisco’s order management and inventory management systems to be more robust and to take advantage of the new components to the supply chain. Nabisco received many other benefits from the supply chain efforts. Inventory turns improved by about 15% while it added complexity in the form of additional stock keep units competing for manufacturing time. Additionally, Nabisco’s customer service improved as case fill rose to nearly 99% and they were able to respond quicker to the rapidly changing marketplace demand. Its forecast error was reduced to 39% (stock keep units/location level) again, while the number of items managed increased substantially. The logistics cost as a percentage of sales dropped to just over 6%, a reduction of 15%. - Nabisco continued to improve upon its efficiencies as our programs take advantage of tighter linkages and improved technologies with which to plan. Finally, with much improvements and going forward,

Words Often Misspelled Because of Double Letters

Words Often Misspelled Because of Double Letters Words Often Misspelled Because of Double Letters Words Often Misspelled Because of Double Letters By Maeve Maddox An email in which balloon was spelled â€Å"baloon† got me thinking about words with double letters. Many of the most frequently-misspelled words in English are misspelled by leaving out a letter. Others are misspelled because we think a letter should be doubled, so we put in an extra one. I thought it might be useful to organize these frequently-misspelled words into three categories. Words we try to spell with too few letters balloon dumbbell embarrass millennium misspell occurrence possession broccoli occasionally questionnaire coolly dissipate difference generally incidentally magically success Words that have double letters, but not as many as we think deterrence harass personnel recommend referred disappear disappoint finally fulfill necessary occasion occurred parallel sheriff tomorrow Words that don’t have double letters, but we want to add them preferable procedure coliseum labeled NOTE: i. There’s also the spelling colosseum with a double s. ii. British usage doubles the l in labelled. Caveat to writers of British English: Most word-processing software comes with spell-checkers programmed for American spelling usage. Another NOTE: Merriam-Webster gives programmed as the first spelling and programed as an alternate. Go figure. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Spelling Test 18 Types of Parenthetical PhrasesWriting a Thank You Note

Quotes from Life on the Mississippi by Mark Twain

Quotes from Life on the Mississippi by Mark Twain Life on the Mississippi is a memoir by Mark Twain. In it, he describes his many adventures and experiences on the river, with its history, features, etc. Here are a few quotes from the book: Quotes From Chapter 1 The Mississippi is well worth reading about. It is not a commonplace river, but on the contrary is in all ways remarkable. Considering the Missouri its main branch, it is the longest river in the worldfour thousand three hundred miles. It seems safe to say that it is also the crookedest river in the world, since in one part of its journey it uses up one thousand three hundred miles to cover the same ground that the crow would fly over in six hundred and seventy-five.The world and the books are so accustomed to use, and over-use, the word new in connection with our country, that we early get and permanently retain the impression that there is nothing old about it. Quotes From Chapters 3 and 4 Sired by a hurricane, damd by an earthquake.Ch. 3When Im playful I use the meridians of longitude and parallels of latitude for a seine, and drag the Atlantic Ocean for whales! I scratch my head with the lightning, and purr myself to sleep with the thunder!Ch. 3Now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates.Ch. 4 Quotes From Chapters 6 and 7 I was gratified to be able to answer promptly and I did. I said I didnt know.Ch. 6Your true pilot cares nothing about anything on earth but the river, and his pride in his occupation surpasses the pride of kings.Ch. 7By the Shadow of Death, but hes a lightning pilot!Ch. 7 Quotes From Chapters 8 and 9 Here is a proud devil, thought I; here is a limb of Satan that would rather send us all to destruction than put himself under obligations to me, because I am not yet one of the salt of the earth and privileged to snub captains and lord it over everything dead and alive in a steamboat.Ch. 8I felt like a skinful of dry bones and all of them trying to ache at once.Ch. 8You can depend on it, Ill learn him or kill him.Ch. 8The face of the water, in time, became a wonderful booka book that was a dead language to the uneducated passenger, but which told its mind to me without reserve, delivering its most cherished secrets as clearly as if it uttered them with a voice. And it was not a book to be read once and thrown aside, for it had a new story to tell every day.Ch. 9 Quotes From Chapter 17 In the space of one hundred and seventy-six years the Lower Mississippi has shortened itself two hundred and forty-two miles. That is an average of a trifle over one mile and a third per year. Therefore, any calm person, who is not blind or idiotic, can see that in the Old OÃ ¶litic Silurian Period, just a million years ago next November, the Lower Mississippi River was upwards of one million three hundred thousand miles long, and stuck out over the Gulf of Mexico like a fishing rod. And by the same token any person can see that seven hundred and forty-two years from now the Lower Mississippi will be only a mile and three quarters long, and Cairo and New Orleans will have joined their streets together, and be plodding comfortably along under a single mayor and a mutual board of aldermen. There is something fascinating about science. One gets such wholesale returns of conjecture out of such a trifling investment of fact. Quotes From Chapter 23 Give an Irishman lager for a month, and hes a dead man. An Irishman is lined with copper, and the beer corrodes it. But whiskey polishes the copper and is the saving of him, sir. Quotes From Chapters 43-46 Ive worked up a business here that would satisfy any man, dont care who he is. Five years ago, lodged in an attic; live in a swell house now, with a mansard roof, and all the modern inconveniences.Ch. 43I found the half-forgotten Southern intonations and elisions as pleasing to my ear as they had formerly been. A Southerner talks music. At least it is music to me, but then I was born in the South. The educated Southerner has no use for an r, except at the beginning of a word.Ch. 44In the South the war is what A.D. is elsewhere; they date from it.Ch. 45War talk by men who have been in a war is always interesting; whereas moon talk by a poet who has not been in the moon is likely to be dull.Ch. 45Sir Walter [Scott] had so large a hand in making Southern character, as it existed before the war, that he is in great measure responsible for the war.Ch. 46 Quotes From Chapter 52 The letter was a pure swindle, and that is the truth. And take it by and large, it was without a compeer among swindles. It was perfect, it was rounded, symmetrical, complete, colossal!

Urban Education Policy and School Improvement Essay

Urban Education Policy and School Improvement - Essay Example The educational system that is embedded in the current society tends to harness the growth of students by providing a curriculum that prepares them for their careers. However, the huge disparities between rich and poor district students are detrimental because it hinders the growth of students in the less fortunate neighborhoods.   One of the key aspects that creates this disparity can be categorized as â€Å"unavoidable circumstances† which consist of many elements.   Conducive studies conducted in this matter indicate that the major cause of achievement gap in New Jersey State is because of the socio-economic factors that have contributed to this grown problem.   Abbott’s struggle to advocate for equal funding of the education system can truly be a catalyst towards an extreme reform in the poor district. As a matter of fact, school administrators have suggested to a more useful approach of the tax money by allocating to the educational system. Undoubtedly, this will attract high-quality professors that can work with the school systems in order to meet the educations that are developed by the district.   Provision of equal funding and learning materials might not adequately close the existing achievement gap in the state as more effort needs to be instilled in order to solve this dilemma. As poverty greatly contributes to underdevelopment of students and minimizes their chances of achieving success in education, it is critical that the government should funnel funding into these poor areas.

Oral PE History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oral PE History - Essay Example Stereotypical ideas of True Womanhood constrained girls like Wendy into a tightly defined entity in which physical activity was considered too robust a pursuit for a delicate female and negative connotations of the New Woman who was then threatening this Victorian concept further functioned to reduce her available options. To understand how this could be so, Wendy Strain’s life experiences as a child growing up in 1960s suburban Detroit will be related to these social and cultural concepts. Wendy Strain is a 50 year old woman who spent her childhood in a suburb of Detroit in a middle class household with aspirations for greatness. Clinging to the ideals of the gentry of a century earlier, her parents strongly adhered to the concepts of the True Woman. â€Å"The attributes of True Womanhood, by which a woman judged herself and was judged by her husband, her neighbors and society, could be divided into four cardinal virtues – piety, purity, submissiveness and domesticity. Put them all together and they spelled mother, daughter, sister, wife – woman. Without them, no matter whether there was fame, achievement or wealth, all was ashes. With them, she was promised happiness and power† (Welter, 1966: 152). According to Poovey (1988), it was by â€Å"linking morality to a figure (rhetorically) immune to the self-interest and competition integral to economic success, [the cult] preserved virtue without inhibiting productivity† thus creating a perfec t world in which men were free to pursue every material pursuit they wished while women were constrained to remain at home and protect the moral and ethical values of the family unit. A woman could not participate in competitive sport under this ideology not only because it was against the nature of the True Woman to participate in any activity that could not be conducted inside the home, but also because it would have introduced this element of competition that was restricted to the male world. Strain indicates

Legal Ethics Healthcare Essay Example for Free

Legal Ethics Healthcare Essay The legal concept of vicarious liability and the Doctrine of Respondeat Superior occurs when the employee commits a tort or civil wrong within the scope of employment and the employer is held liable although the master may have done nothing wrong( Regan 2002). Physicians and other healthcare providers need to be aware of this doctrine in the supervision of their staff and their day-to-day medical practice. The legal relationship between an employer and an employee is called agency. The employer is called the principal when engaging someone to act for him. The person who does the work for the employer is called the agent. The theory behind respondeat superior is that the principal controls the agents behavior and must then assume some responsibility for the agents actions (Phelps Lehman 2005). Most medical malpractice suits are filed as result of negligence (ie, a type of tort or civil wrong) Negligence is defined by what a reasonably prudent person would or would not do in the same or similar circumstance. Negligence can result from the individual medical provider or from some type of agency relationship that exists between two or more health care providers. In general, when we discuss the relationship between agency and malpractice, we refer to the concept of vicarious liability and the Doctrine of Respondeat Superior ( Columbia 2000). In the context of medical malpractice a negligence action is often precipitated by a bad outcome. Numerous cases have involved the concept of vicarious liability and the Doctrine of Respondeat Superior as a successful cause of a medically negligent action. Recent changes in the health care system may contribute to additional causes of action being recognized. As managed care has moved to the forefront of health care, many medical providers have left independent practice and become employees of large health care organizations (HMOs) or hospitals. Some medical providers have formed their own business with health care extenders who perform many of the services previously provided by the medical provider. As a result, HMOs and hospitals have become employers of medical providers, and medical providers have become employers of their health care extenders (Regan 2002). In the past, the relationship with the patient and extensive documentation in the medical record were the most important elements in preventing malpractice litigation. These efforts, while important, may have less of an effect in the evolving health care climate. With these changes, principles of agency and vicarious liability may become increasingly important in evaluating malpractice liability. Both the negligence of a health care employee employed by an individual medical provider and the negligence of an individual medical provider employed by a health care company have given rise to successful malpractice suits. The Doctrine of Respondeat Superior is one to weigh carefully by both plaintiffs and defendants in their current practice of law and medicine. References: Malpractice. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2000. http://kids.infoplease.lycos.com/ipd/A0401963.html Raines v Mercer, 55 5W2d 263, 264 (Tenn 1932) Regan, J. , Regan, W. (2002, May). Medical malpractice and respondeat superior. (Review Articles). Southern Medical Journal, 95(5), 545-549. Retrieved January 23, 2013, from Nursing and Allied Health Collection via Gale: http://find.galegroup.com.proxy.davenport.edu/nrcx/start.do?prodId=NRC Respondeat Superior. (2005). In S. Phelps J. Lehman (Eds.), Wests Encyclopedia of American Law (2nd ed., Vol. 8, pp. 334-336). Detroit: Gale. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.davenport.edu/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CCX3437703788v=2.1u=lom_davenportcit=rp=GVRLsw=w

Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau Essay -- Philosophy Philosophi

Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau developed theories on human nature and how men govern themselves. With the passing of time, political views on the philosophy of government gradually changed. Despite their differences, Hobbes and Rousseau, both became two of the most influential political theorists in the world. Their ideas and philosophies spread all over the world influencing the creation of many new governments. These theorists all recognize that people develop a social contract within their society, but have differing views on what exactly the social contract is and how it is established. By way of the differing versions of the social contract Hobbes and Rousseau agreed that certain freedoms had been surrendered for a society’s protection and emphasizing the government’s definite responsibilities to its citizens.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each political theorist agrees that before men came to govern themselves, they all existed in a state of nature. The state of nature is the condition men were in before political government came into existence, and what society would be if there was no government. In relation to this the two theorists raised as much praise as criticism for their famous masterpieces.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hobbes and Rousseau created a revolutionary idea of the state of nature. They did not believe government should be organized through the church, therefore abandoning the idea of the divine right theory, where power of the king came directly from God. Starting from a clean slate, with no organized church, Hobbes and Rousseau needed a construct on what to build society on. The foundation of society began with the original state of nature. Hobbes’ perception of the original state of nature is what would exist if there were no common power to execute and enforce the laws to restrain individuals. In this case, the laws of the jungle would prevail: only the fittest survive. Man’s desires are insatiable. Since resources are scarce, humankind is naturally competitive, inevitably creating jealousy and hatred, which eventually leads to war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The constant state of war is what Hobbes believes to be man’s original state of nature. According to Hobbes, man cannot be trusted in the state of nature. War among men is consequent and nothing can be unjust. Notions of justice and injustice or right and wrong will not hav... ...ons on what kind of government should prevail within a society in order for it to function properly. Each dismissed the divine right theory and needed to start from a clean slate. The two authors agree that before men came to govern themselves, they all existed in a state of nature, which lacked society and structure. In addition, the two political philosophers developed differing versions of the social contract. In Hobbes’ system, the people did little more than choose who would have absolute rule over them. This is a system that can only be derived from a place where no system exists at all. It is the lesser of two evils. People under this state have no participation in the decision making process, only to obey what is decided. While not perfect, the Rousseau state allows for the people under the state to participate in the decision making process. Rousseau’s idea of government is more of a utopian idea and not really executable in the real world. Neither state, h owever, describes what a government or sovereign should expect from its citizens or members, but both agree on the notion that certain freedoms must be surrendered in order to improve the way of life for all humankind.

Remembering a Life Essay

I remember him in the misted vision of toddler years and again in girlhood, the booming voice on TV, someone grown-ups talked about, eyelids flapped wide. Elders huddled ’round the screen enraptured, in fear for him, in awe. In her â€Å"Remembering a Life,† Nordette Adams describes the black pioneer, heartthrob, charming, charismatic and inspirational leader; Martin Luther King. Although the main purpose of this paper is to speak about the immense power of the audio/visual media as well as identify its tools and spots of power, and according to essay writing rules, the introductory sentence should include the formal goal exposed; the writer finds it more appropriate and even attracting to start by the most important tool in visual media; the presenter. In the globalization era, media is the number one intercontinental tool. It has different types; starting with the written media represented in newspapers and journals, audio media represented in the radio, and finally and most influential the audio/visual media represented in speeches and TV shows. Obviously, the audio/visual media attracts the highest number of audience for its wide-spread and easy access features. â€Å"Sound and visual ‘illustrations’ are no longer mere minor complements to thought but they directly influence the thoughts and the very conduct of millions of individuals. It was therefore inevitable that a desire should spring up to master such a powerful instrument, to discipline it for better (education) or for worse (advertising, for example). † (pp. 1) Thence, the important elements that constitute any powerful piece of news item are: the effective words, charismatic presenter, as well as the use of intonation, gestures and above all the strong meaningful cause. A close look into the successful speech â€Å"I have a dream† presented by Martin Luther King can show the effective and successful elements of a media news item. As well-known to everyone, Martin Luther King is a revolutionary man who devoted himself to pursuing the case of the black, and defending their rights against oppression and discrimination. He is such a charismatic leader and talented speech presenter whose characteristics are essential to any media man. He was such an eloquent man who inspired many people. In this regard, Oprah Winfrey says: Nothing that has happened in my life since I was 16 years old would’ve been possible. I wouldn’t have been in radio, I wouldn’t have been on television, I would have been have been who I am †¦ I just wouldn’t have the life that I have without Martin Luther King Jr. , To have been a living witness to the changes his vision and his dream have brought – not just for me personally but for me personally – it really is amazing grace. He possessed wisdom of thought and strength of cause; and for his beliefs he said many philosophical quotes that can inspire any person wherever he is. To exemplify, he pleaded for work until the final breath â€Å"Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree,† he even cared for schools â€Å"When schools flourish, all flourishes,† and above all, he detested war â€Å"War is the greatest plague that can afflict humanity, it destroys religion, it destroys states, it destroys families. † In fact, it is no wonder he became the nowadays well-known Martin Luther King. In his speech â€Å"I have a dream,† Martin Luther King speaks it all loud in fluent, strong and coherent chosen words. He speaks the cause, history, acknowledgment, union, and requests. At the very beginning, he exposes the cause and history for the march and his speech; Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand today, signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of their captivity. But one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. And so we’ve come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. From the very beginning, the listener can highly sense the strong articulation of every word, as if Martin Luther King does not want the listener to escape a letter denoting the gravity of his cause. The brilliance is not merely in the choice of the eloquent words, or in the smooth flow of sentences, but it is clearly shown also in his mild intonation; for he uses a stable tone rising at certain points of needed assertion. For example, he emphasized the injustice done to the Negro by straining his vocal cords reflecting his pain and strong belief in his cause. Upon this pattern, he continues to unfold his reasons. Actually, Martin Luther King uses variable styles incorporating even ironic and literary images that enriche his speech turning it into a beautiful piece of art achieving amusement for any listener. He believes that God is just and that a discrimination free atmosphere is urgently needed for both Blacks and Whites. He states in rather an ironic image that â€Å"we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt† moving the crowds to laugh at his simple, yet, powerfully righteous note. One more time, his intonation rises, but this time while talking about the present; Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksand’s of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God’s children. He speaks about the urgency of having real democratic and free country. However, he is also very reasonable. He refuses the black to obtain their freedom on the bodies of the white. He refuses violence thoroughly. Therefore, he gives credit to the white who support him in his cause; The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to a distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny. And they have come to realize that their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. Briefly, Martin Luther King exposes calmly his stance and asserts his beliefs before he reaches his climax. The climax of the speech exposes the ultimate strength of the words and performance. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal. † I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today! Without taking a course in presentation skills, and without having training for an interview, Martin Luther King manages to use a firm and strong voice, in addition to his gestures that make the audience soar with his words. Watching this speech is indeed a pleasure because it bears within the meaningful message of a leader transmitted through media. The injustice done to any person in this life, and the discrimination against any person, all echo in this speech. The cause is so clear in the words, the presenter’s belief, and the crowds aggregated around him believing in his cause. In a nutshell, today’s democracy, freedom, peace and coexistence were built upon the shoulders of inspirational leaders such as Ghandi and Martin Luther King. ? Works Consulted: Adams, Nordette. Remembering A Life: A Poem Honoring Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Retrieved on March 30, 2010 from: http://www. authorsden. com/categories/poetry_top. asp? catid=69&id=109389 King, Martin Luther. (1963). I have a Dream Speech. Retrieved on March 30, 2010 from: http://www. mlkonline. net/video-i-have-a-dream-speech. html King, Martin Luther. Martin Luther Quotes. Retrieved on March 30, 2010 from: http://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/authors/m/martin_luther_3. html Lestage, Andre. (1959). The Use of Audio-visual Aids in Education. UNESCO Chronicle. Retrieved on March 30, 2010 from: http://www. unesco. org/education/nfsunesco/pdf/LESTAG_E. PDF Winfrey, Oprah. (2008). Oprah Winfrey: How Martin Luther King Changed My Life. Retrieved on March 30, 2010 from: http://www. people. com/people/article/0,,20172797,00. html

A Different History by Sujata Bhatt Notes Essay

The poet explores the relationship between cultural identity and language. When you speak a language you also learn its culture. Lines 19 and 20 sum up the theme. Which language has not been the oppressor’s tongue? When another country is the conquerer, that country brings its language and culture to those who are conquered. SUMMARY ‘A Different History’ is in two linked parts: lines 1-18, then lines 19-29. The first stanza draws the link between western and Indian culture as Pan, the Greek god also exists through Indian gods and goddesses that roam freely. She points out the difference as well in the way Indians treat books with much respect, in order not to disturb or offend Sarasvati or the tree from which the paper comes. Stanza 2 returns to the idea of a foreign language; all languages, it says, have once been the language of an invader or an oppressor, but despite this there always comes a time when younger and newer generations not only speak the oppressor’s language but they actually come to love it. TONE (Tone means the attitude of the poet) At first the tone is critical of the culture of the west (e.g. the way the west does not show respect for books). Later the tone is accepting. She says that once people have assimilated the new culture, the later generations love the language and culture. STRUCTURE The poem is divided into two stanzas with each dealing with a different idea on language and culture. The visual arrangement of lines differ in the two stanzas. In stanza 1, the different indented lines give a wavy appearance to suggest perhaps the idea of gods roaming freely and to match the humour in the stanza. The second stanza has all the lines indented similarly as the author conveys the serious message that all languages are imposed by the oppressor. RHYTHM The rhythm matches the content. The enjambment (run-on lines) in stanza 1 gives a light-hearted, tripping rhythm. In stanza 2, the rhythm is insistent as the poet uses rhetorical questions and the mood turns serious. IMAGERY POINT: Stanza 1 begins by comparing the Greek and Indian gods. Next the poem focuses on the reverential attitude towards books in India. QUOTE| EFFECT| Great Pan is not dead;he simply emigrated To India| Meaning- Pan the Greek god of nature also exists in India. The effect is that cross-cultural links happen. | Here, the gods roam freely Disguised as snakes or monkeys | The poet refers to Indian gods in the form of snakes or monkeys. | And it is a sinto be rude to a book(repeated 4 times) | By repeating ‘it is a sin’ the effect is of persuasion and emphasis. Repetition in a pattern of three or more is a persuasive device. She uses strong words ‘shove’, ‘slam’, ‘toss’ to stress that ill-treating books is sinful to the Indians because they have a reverence for knowledge.| You must learn how to turn the pages gentlywithout disturbing Sarasvati, without offending the treefrom whose wood the paper was made| The word ‘without’ is repeated for emphasis. In India, books are handled carefully ‘gently’ to show respect for Sarasvati, the Hindu goddess of Knowledge, and for the trees where the gods are. | *Pan- In Greek religion and mythology, Pan is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, mountains, hunting Sarasvati – the Hindu goddess of Knowledge presides over the arts and is frequently worshipped in libraries. POINT: Stanza 2 the poet states that every while every language has come from the conquering nations and is at first resisted, it is later embraced by the future generations. QUOTE| EFFECT| Which language has not been the oppressor’s tongue?| This rhetorical question ( a question that does not need an answer because the answer is  obvious) contains the main idea of the poem – all languages have once been the language of an invader or an oppressor. | Which language Truly meant to murder someone?| The repetition ‘which language’ is another rhetorical question which does not need an answer as it is obvious that language does not intentionally kill people.| that after the torture, after the soul has been croppedwith a long scythe swooping out of the conqueror’s face-| The poet now explains that it is the soul or the culture that is destroyed by the conqueror. The metaphor of the ‘long scythe swooping out’ is an image of the brutal destruction of the culture of the oppressed and replacing it with the culture of the conqueror. | the unborn grandchildrengrow to love that strange language| The poet concedes that ironically over many generations, the oppressed people come round to speaking the conqueror’s language and what is more to embracing its culture. She points out the irony of history.|

Bio-ethics and Genetic Engineering essays

Bio-ethics and Genetic Engineering essays It is my belief that genetic engineering has promise to better mankind, and it is our ethical obligation to research it but not exploit it. There is a need to have a morally correct legislation that guides the way science develops this. The Random House Websters College Dictionary defines bioethics as a field of study and counsel concerned with the implications of certain medical procedures, genetic engineering, and care of the terminally ill. I will be exploring and commenting on how bioethics relates to genetic engineering. Genetic engineering is a branch of biology dealing with the splicing and recombining of genetic units from living organisms, according to Websters New World Dictionary. I will look at bioethics from the point of view of personal privacy, societal effects, religious concerns, medicinal benefits and legislation. The topic of genetic engineering stirs up debates, as it is a controversial area with enormous potential for both good and bad in our society. Genetically prepared drugs have already helped tremendously, in the treament various diseases. Biogenetically prepared vaccines and insulin have already proven their benefit medicine. Other genetically engineered drugs are waiting Federal Drug Administration (FDA) approval. However, critics claim that it will cause more harm than good. Many theologians believe that genetic engineering, should not be investigated at all, they feel Mother Nature knows best and any tampering with genetic material is evil. The primary reason why theologians argue that genetic engineering is unethical is because it defies all that has been described in the story of creation in the bible and other religious texts. However, it is my belief that genetic engineering has promise to better mankind, and it is our ethical obligation to research it but not exploit it. There is a need to have a morally correct legislation that guides the way science develops this (Toward E01.) I...

Who or That †That Is The Question

Who or That – That Is The Question Who or That – That Is The Question Who or That – That Is The Question By Guest Author This is a guest post by Charles Ray. If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here. Some might think me an old fashioned, stuffy person when it comes to grammar. I realize that language, whether written or spoken, is a living thing, and that it changes with time; but, there are some modern conventions that I have problems with. Some things that young people say and write these days grate on my ear, and I resist them with all my might. One of the conventions that really gets my dander up is the use of ‘that’ in sentences when logic, and my ear, tells me that ‘who’ would be more appropriate. Here, for instance, is a sentence I encountered recently in a paper written by a college graduate: â€Å"The judge that decided the case came from the lower court.† Now, I assume the judge in this sentence is human, and when I struggled with English grammar many decades ago, this sentence would have earned red marks all over the page – and quite likely a failing grade. I would have been told in no uncertain terms that the correct formulation is, â€Å"The judge who. . .† I have been chided by many of my colleagues for my fussiness over this particular issue; and it is just one of many modern grammatical conventions that send me into orbit when I encounter them. They’ve pointed out that this is not ‘incorrect,’ and besides, it has become accepted usage among a large number of writers. Well, not this writer. Correct, it might be, and I’m not entirely convinced of that, but it just doesn’t sound right. It grates on my ear when I hear or read it. Just because a lot of people do something doesn’t make it the right and proper thing to do. In my dictionary, one of the definitions of ‘that’ is, â€Å"Adj. Being the one singled out or understood.† ‘Who,’ on the other hand, is defined as â€Å"What or which persons used as a relative pronoun to introduce a clause when the antecedent is a human, or is understood to be a human.† From these definitions, I will grant there is some merit to the argument that using ‘that’ instead of ‘who’ is not incorrect, per se. But, when we write, the purpose is to communicate, and when a ‘correct’ convention gets in the way of communication, it is ‘wrong.’ The language and its grammar are constantly changing, but this is no reason for us to blithely accept each change. We should in fact firmly resist any change until it is proven to be not merely correct, but right. I have not been convinced that substituting ‘that’ for ‘who’ is right, and until I am, I will continue to be the grammar cop who stands in the middle of the street with hands out saying, â€Å"Stop!† And, that is all I have to say about ‘that.’ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:7 Classes and Types of PhrasesBest Websites to Learn English30 Nautical Expressions

Digital Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Digital Marketing - Essay Example is a private organization of US that has its business in the industry of men’s clothing. The company is widely known for its Denim brand of jeans sold across the globe. Levi Strauss & Co. received its first US patent of manufacturing denim jeans or blue jeans in the year of 1873. The company was founded by Levi Strauss and is being controlled by the private owners or descendants of the company and headquartered in San Francisco in USA. Over the years, the company has expanded its operations and sales in Europe, Middle-East, Africa, Asia Pacific and several other parts of the world. The company employs around 10,500 people all over the world. In order to expand its operations both in US as well as in the overseas markets, the company increased its manufacturing units. The number of manufacturing plants increased from 16 plants in 1964 to 63 plants in 1974. Apart from this, 23 overseas plants were set up by the company. Between 1980s and the 1990s, the use of jeans by societies across the world increased rapidly. The company followed the market trend to increase its operations. Riding on the high rate of growth of revenues and profits earned over the years, the company offered to pay unusual dividend of $750 million to their workers over a period of six years. The company earned revenues of $4.4 billion in 2010 with a net operating income of $381 million. Market, products & services, customers, digital presence The Levis brand of men’s clothing is a pioneer in the sale of jeans and other fashionable wear for men. Levis capitalized on the emerging trend of fashion and the increasing taste of blue jeans by the greater part of the population. The company acquired Great Western Garment Co. in order to increase its offering of jeans to its customers. Apart from blue jeans, the company also started to offer stone-washed jeans in order to tap the market potentials. The products offered by the company are mainly jeans. The denim jeans are the core product o f the company. Over the year the years, the company has expanded its operation by riding the trend of the mainly young generation who has got inclinations towards wearing jeans. Variations in the different categories of jeans were included in the gamut of product offerings. The stone-washed jeans also became popular with the blue jeans sold by the company. The young generation is the target market segment of the company. The company has adapted to the emerging lifestyle in order to increase base of customers. The spread of the brand name across the world has led to increase in customer base. In the age of globalization, the physical existence of shopping stores has started to become irrelevant. The change in the lifestyle, availability of time, speed of livelihood and the changing tastes of the customers have led to the advent of online shopping (Smith and Chaffey, 2013, p.79). The company have also resorted to the online marketing tools and increased its digital presence in the bus iness world. Levis brands of men’s clothing capitalized on the online marketing tools that increased revenue earnings of the company through e-commerce. The use of social media platforms enhanced the prospective of marketing its products and services. The increase in digital presence increased the access of the products and services of the company to a wide range of customers. The customers could sit in a position and exchange information or share experiences on the Levis clothes for men (Straus and Frost, 2011, p.49). The customers also had the option of use electronic devices like mobile, laptops, etc and use internet for shopping of menswear offered by

Questionnaires versus Interviews Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Questionnaires versus Interviews - Assignment Example Many researchers utilise these data collection methods in a similar manner as identified within the text. Many nurses rely on interviews because they can ascertain the respondent as the same person intended to be a participant within the research. In seeking to improve how research is undertaken within the nursing field, the principle of authenticity of the respondent remains significantly important (Beck, 2011). Getting a response from wrong participants could adversely affect the findings of a research. The application of questionnaires makes researches prone to such falsehoods. Individuals who may not be in a situation of answering the questions within the questionnaire could seek assistance from other individuals, who might provide their opinions and not the opinion of the participant. Researchers must ensure that such instances do not occur through providing a contact which participants can utilise in seeking assistance from the researcher. By offering assistance to the participants, the researcher can effectively enhance the findings of the research while maintaining authenticity of the respondents to

Knowledge Intensive Firms and Knowledge Workers Research Paper

Knowledge Intensive Firms and Knowledge Workers - Research Paper Example Southern power continues to find opportunities to implement its strategy of creating value through its numerous transactions such as asset acquisition and selling, establishment of novel power plants, entrance into Power Plants Associations mostly with other investor-owned utilities, municipalities, independent power producers, and electric cooperatives (Google Finance, 2015, p. 1). In Southern Co’s operations, FERC plays the crucial role of providing the operation regulations instead of following traditionally defined state regulations like any other traditional operating company. Though operating as one large company, the Southern Company operates under several leveraged leases such as Southern LINC Wireless that offers digital wireless communications for Southern Co.’s uses. For purposes of this paper, the evaluation Southern Company is limited to company’s proactive approach to preparing for disaster recovery. For a long time, Hurricane Katrina has been known for its numerous complex challenges such as 100% loss of power for customers, 65% of power delivery system damages, 97% loss of power generation capacity, approximately 9,000 damaged or damaged power poles, transformer damages, 100% dilapidated corporate offices, and more than half of the residents suffering noteworthy damages for their homes (Ward, 2006, pp. 7-13). Other challenges experienced during the Katrina hurricane are communication loss and devastation infrastructure. Through its investment and prioritization of knowledge base management, Southern Co. effectively planned on eliminating the challenges associated with the Katrina Hurricane through approaches such as a reduction in the time duration required to restore power to its customers, provision of family services, assisting emp loyees with personal losses, and daily provision of thousands of fuel gallons daily.

Biodiversity Lab Essay Example for Free

Biodiversity Lab Essay 1. Explain how the ecosystem was affected by the missing species for each round of the demonstration. a. Round 1 = white bead representing lichens. Our laboratory reading for the experiment stated that lichens are instrumental in the development and needs for all species. The text stated, â€Å"Lichens play a part in the creation of soils from which plants can obtain nutrients. Like all living organisms, lichens need nutrients and energy to grow. Nutrients may be obtained from the air including dust, water, and from the substrate organisms grows on obtaining energy through photosynthesis, which is the role of the algal partner. They may also be incidentally fertilized hybrid and insect dung† (Bottcher Rex, 2012, p. 43). With the information obtained from the reading, without lichens, bees, trees, flowers, and humans will all have negative repercussions. b. Round 2 = Yellow bead, representing bees. No bees and lichens the trees will not be pollenated, which will result in a loss of a food source  for humans since bees pollenate trees and flowers for food. Without bees to pollenating, the ecosystems takes another dramatic step towards extinction. One study stated, â€Å"Deduction from floral structure indicates that the flowers of many crops and wild plants are adapted for bee pollination. Further experimental studies of pollination are much needed, to see whether inadequate pollination limits seed set, and which insect species are potential or actual pollinators. The adequacy of pollination of a given plant species will vary regionally with climate, habitat and the nature and density of the local pollinator community† (Corbet, Williams, Osborne, 1991, para. 3). Minus the bees, the results for all other species will be negatively impacted. c. Round 3 = Orange bead, representing trees. The trees are dependent on lichens and with lichens removed. The trees will not have enriched soil to keep living. This is the reason for loss of oxygen for all species who require it and without bees, the fruit that some trees produce will cease to exist, causing food shortages and lack of shade and protection for flowers and humans (Bottcher Rex, 2012). d. Round 4 = Red bead, representing flowers. Lichens removed the soil could not adequately support nutrients required to keep alive. The flowers needs protection and shade from trees to sustain life and the trees were removed due to soil composition and loss of lichens from ecosystem. 2. Provide one action we as humans engage in that leads to the extinction of each of these components. Action affecting Lichens = The use of pesticides, chemicals, other pollutants, and people cause damage to this component that can lead to the irreversible impact on the lichens. Action affecting Trees = The destruction of soil and pollution, a major area where humans are impacting trees is through the removal of forests for trees to support human projects and constructions. â€Å"Ninety-three percent of the forestland in the United States is Privately owned† (Hazel baker, 2008, para. 1). Action affecting Flowers = Even though our chemicals are killing these flowers and making the soil contaminated and resistant to flower species. The use of pesticides and other chemicals, flowers are not engineered like crop seed to survive these chemicals. Action affecting Bees = Due to several human factors, bees are being threatened and destruction of their habitat is the number one reason. For a habitat to remain successful and sustain populations it must provide nesting sites and a seasonal succession of forage, and humans are depleting these areas through population growth and industrialization (Corbet, Williams, Osborne, 1991). 3. Provide three specific actions that humans can take to minimize our impact on the ecosystem and ensure the survival of lichens, trees, flowers, and bees. Action 1 = Bees are a critical part of the ecosystem. Humans need to ensure habitat sustainment to sustain bee populations do not deteriorate to levels that cannot be corrected. â€Å"Bees need food (nectar, pollen) provided by insect-pollinated plants in order to reproduce and produce more bees† (Corbet, Williams, Osborne, 1991, p 2). By creating hives and environments that are conducive to bee sustainment, it is possible that strides can be to reverse the downward trend in populations. This is critical as one study showed. It stated that the loss of bees was a domino effect to other species. It stated, â€Å"If bee pollinated flowers  do not seed, the integrity of Europe’s remaining semi natural vegetation will be destroyed and the colorful flowers of the countryside will be lost. This in turn will deprive many other herbivorous or seed-eating insects, birds and small mammals of their host plants and/or food,  with consequent further loss of species diversity†(Corbet, Williams, Osborne,1991, p 2). Through the saving of the bees, the increase of pollinated of other species helps ensure survival of flowers Action 2 = Humans can stop polluting the soil and surface of lands through illegal dumping, spills, etc. that contaminate and kill lichens that are critical in soil creation and providing nutrients to other plants and trees. With the help of government agencies and through stricter enforcement, creation of neutral pesticides and chemicals, and other products to eliminate harm to the environment and providing a healthier ecosystem for all life to thrive. Action 3 = The best way to save our tree populations is to protect the public lands from forest harvesting and ensure there environmental regulations for commercial logging businesses. â€Å"93% of the forestland in the United States is privately owned† (Hazelbaker, 2008, para. 1). That means that there are plenty of lands available for harvesting and ensuring forests do not die off and leave the negative impacts and loss of a precious resource. Due to the benefits that can be found in the national and state forests, such as clean air, fresh water, etc. I feel it is a good practice to prevent commercial access on these lands. These lands serve as a refuge to wildlife and often provide unique opportunities to the citizens who rarely get an opportunity to experience nature and these environments. POST LAB QUESTIONS 1. Develop a hypothesis on which pot you believe will contain the highest biodiversity. Hypothesis = One pot has direct exposure to sunlight it will have the highest level of biodiversity 2. Based on the results of your experiment, would you reject or accept the hypothesis that you produced in question 1? Explain how you determined this. Accept/Reject = Reject. Table 2 of this experiment, the pot that was placed from all windows had a greater diversity of growth from the random seeds planted in it, versus the one with direct sunlight. The pot that had direct sunlight yielded smaller totals in each of the five plants planted in each pot as well as a smaller overall plant yield. While some individual plants had close results, there was a total difference of the total plants of 48. 3. If each pot was a sample you found in a group of wildflowers, would you determine based on the diversity of flowers that the ecosystem is healthy? Why or why not. Answer = I would say that each sample would yield results of a healthy ecosystem based on the diversity in each sample. Each plant has samples of  all five seeded plants planted and yielded results in two weeks. While both specimens yielded results, I would say the ecosystem sample that was not in direct sunlight did show signs of a healthier ecosystem and believe that the temperature and light changes the other sample was exposed to could have played a part in the results. Example, living in Arizona my residence has low humidity and low temperatures at night and moderate temperatures in the mid-morning through sundown that affected the sample with sunlight exposure. The other sample, the one away from the windows, sat in the middle of my apartment on a shelf in the laundry room, with no direct exposure to sunlight, but not completely in the dark, had more stable temperatures and had constant ambient light exposure through the day and did not suffer cold drafts from the windows that could have made the other specimens plants yield lower results. 4. How does biodiversity contribute to the overall health of an ecosystem? Provide specific examples and utilize at least one scholarly resource to back your answer. Answer = Biodiversity contributes to all levels of an ecosystem. â€Å"Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, includes the genetic variation between all organisms, species, and populations, and all of their complex communities and ecosystems. It also reflects to the interrelatedness of genes, species, and ecosystems and their interactions with the environment† (Bottcher Rex, 2012, p. 39). The experiment with the two pots is similar to that of a forest ecosystem. â€Å"A functioning forest ecosystem, for example, exhibits rates of plant production, carbon storage, and nutrient cycling that are characteristic of most forests† (Chapin, Costanza, Ehrlich, Golley, Hooper, Lawton, Tilman, 1999, para. 9). The five seeds that grew in each pot were sharing nutrients from the soil and the evidence showed that certain species thrived in numbers over the others that grew. As one research analysis on biodiversity, there are always species interactions that have impact on the other species. The study stated, â€Å"Ecosystem functioning results from interactions among and within different levels of the biota, which ecologists describe as a nested hierarchy. Example, green  plant production on land is the end product of interactions of individual plants nested within populations; interactions among populations nested within a single species; interactions among a variety of species nested within a group of functionally similar species; and so on up to the level of interactions between different types of ecosystems nested within landscapes† (Chapin, Costanza, Ehrlich, Golley, Hooper, Lawton, Tilman, 1999, para. 11). While some ecosystems continue to exist, some thrive, the harm being done to, and overall health of the ecosystem is dependent on the actions we as humans take. Our society has destroyed ecosystems, species, etc. and pollution, air quality, and other factors have seen many ecosystems destroyed and become extinct. â€Å"From current research, we have identified the following impacts on ecosystem functioning that often result from loss of biodiversity: -Plant production may decline as regional and local diversity declines; -Ecosystem resistance to environmental perturbations, such as drought, may be lessened as biodiversity is reduced. -Ecosystem processes such as soil nitrogen levels, water use, plant productivity, and pest and disease cycles may become more variable as diversity declines† (Chapin, Costanza, Ehrlich, Golley, Hooper, Lawton, Tilman, 1999, para. 11). In the end, if action is not taken soon, the devastation created through our industrialization, over population in countries across the world, etc. can lead to consequences that can see more devastation and harm that may not be able to be undone if our society fails to take the necessary action to sustain life of all ecosystems. References Hilmo, O., Sà ¥stad, S. M. (2001). Colonization of old-forest lichens in a young and an old boreal i Picea abies forest: an experimental approach. Biological Conservation, 102 (3), 251-259. Chapin III, F. S., Costanza, R., Ehrlich, P. R., Golley, F. B., Hooper, D. U., Lawton, J. H., Tilman, D. (1999). Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: maintaining natural life support processes. Washington, DC: Ecological Society of America. Hazelbaker, J. (2008). Logging on national forests national forest management zero cut – no. Retrieved from: http://www.worldissues360.com/index.php/logging-on-national-forests-national-forest-management-zero-cut-no-26744/. Corbet, S. A., Williams, I. H., Osborne, J. L. (1991). Bees and the pollination of crops and wild flowers in the European Community. Bee World 7 (2), 47-59.